OBJECTIVE: The practice of neurosurgery requires fundamental knowledge base. Residency training programs and continuing medical education courses are designed to teach relevant neurosurgical principles. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps exist for neurosurgeons and may be different between cohorts of neurosurgeons. The Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery (SANS) General Examination and Spine Examination are online

BACKGROUND: Since a disproportionate amount of medical education still occurs in hospitals, there are concerns that medical school graduates are not fully prepared to deliver efficient and effective care in ambulatory settings to increasingly complex patients. AIMS: To understand the current extent of scholarship in this area. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted by searching