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Author: Brian S McGowan, PhD

ABSTRACT: (Mis)perceptions of Continuing Education: Insights From Knowledge Translation, Quality Improvement, and Patient Safety Leaders

Introduction:
Minimal attention has been given to the intersection and potential collaboration among the domains of continuing education (CE), knowledge translation (KT), quality improvement (QI), and patient safety (PS), despite their overlapping objectives. A study was undertaken to examine leaders’ perspectives of these 4 domains and their relationships to each other. In this article, we report on a subset of the data that focuses on how leaders in KT, PS, and QI define and view the domain of CE and opportunities for collaboration.

Methods:
This study is based on a qualitative interpretivist framework to guide the collection and analysis of data in semistructured interviews. Criterion-based, maximum variation, and snowball sampling were used to identify key opinion leaders in each domain. The sample consisted of 15 individuals from the domains KT, QI, and PS. The transcripts were coded using a directed content analysis approach.

Results:
The findings are organized into 3 thematic subsections: (1) definition and interpretation of CE, (2) concerns about relevance and effectiveness of CE, and (3) opportunities for collaboration among CE and the other domains. While there were slight differences among the data from the leaders of each domain, common themes were generally reported.

Discussion:
The findings provide CE leaders with information about KT, QI, and PS leaders’ (mis)perceptions about CE that can inform future strategic planning and activities. CE leaders can play an important role in building upon initial collaborations among the domains to enable their strengths to complement each other.

via (Mis)perceptions of Continuing Education: Insights From Knowledge Translation, Quality Improvement, and Patient Safety Leaders – Kitto – 2013 – Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions – Wiley Online Library.

MANUSCRIPT: Confronting complexity: medical education, social theory and the ‘fate of our times’

If we were to paint a canvas reflecting what is capturing our imaginations as medical education researchers, we would use rich, bold colours and overlapping strokes to convey our deep and diverse investment in developingways to train clinicians to provide effective and compassionate care. We would then paint thick black lines across the canvas to represent how these efforts are compromised or eroded, sometimes by our own educational practices. The articles comprising this issue help us make sense of this paradox.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/medu.12086/pdf

ABSTRACT: Reconstructing a lost tradition: the philosophy of medical education in an age of reform.

CONTEXT:
At the 100th anniversary of Abraham Flexner’s landmark report on medical education, critical reassessment of the direction of medical education reform evinced valuable interdisciplinary contributions from biomedicine, sociology, psychology and education theory. However, to date, philosophy has been absent from the discussion despite its long standing contribution to studies on education in other professions.
METHODS:
This discussion paper examines how the philosophical tradition can contribute to scholarship in medical education. It begins with an explanation of the scholarly tradition of philosophy of education and its role in thinking in education more generally. It then makes links between this tradition and the context of medical education in the Flexner era of education reform. The paper then argues that this tradition is necessary to the understanding of medical education reform post-Flexner and that doctors must benefit from an education derived from this tradition in order to be able to carry out their work.
DISCUSSION:
These foundations are characterised as a hidden, but always present, tradition in medical education. Two ways in which this ‘lost tradition’ can inform medical education theory and practice are identified: firstly, by the establishment of a public canon of medical education texts that express such a tradition, and, secondly, by the incorporation of a variety of ‘signature pedagogies’ exemplary of liberal education.

via Reconstructing a lost tradition: the philosophy of … [Med Educ. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: A qualitative analysis of faculty motivation to participate in otolaryngology simulation boot camps

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS:
To characterize factors that motivate faculty to participate in Simulation-Based Boot Camps (SBBC); to assess whether prior exposure to Simulation-Based Medical Education (SBME) or duration (years) of faculty practice affects this motivation.
STUDY DESIGN:
Qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews of faculty.
METHODS:
Interviews of 35 (56%) of 62 eligible faculty including demographic questions, and scripted, open-ended questions addressing motivation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, de-identified, coded and analyzed using qualitative analysis software. Demographic characteristics were described. Emerging response categories were organized into themes contributing to both satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
RESULTS:
Three major themes of faculty motivation emerged: enjoyment of teaching and camaraderie; benefits to residents, patients and themselves; and opportunities to learn or improve their own patient care and teaching techniques. Expense, and time away from work and family, were identified as challenges. Faculty with many versus few years in practice revealed a greater interest in diversity of teaching experiences and techniques. Comparison of faculty with extensive versus limited simulation experience yielded similar motivations.
CONCLUSION:
Enjoyment of teaching; benefits to all participants; and opportunities for self-improvement emerged as themes of faculty motivation to participate in SBBC. SBBC have unique characteristics which provide an opportunity to facilitate teaching experiences that motivate faculty.

via A qualitative analysis of faculty motivation to… [Laryngoscope. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.

MANUSCRIPT: An exploratory study of the potential learning benefits for medical students in collaborative drawing: creativity, reflection and ‘critical looking’.

BACKGROUND:
Building on a series of higher educational arts/medicine initiatives, an interdisciplinary drawing module themed on the human body was developed for both year 3 Craft students and year 3 Medicine degree students. This became the subject of a research project exploring how the collaborative approach to drawing adopted on this module impacted on the students’ learning. In this article, emphasis is given to issues thought to have most potential relevance to medical education.
METHODS:
Using an ethnographic research design, the methods adopted were: direct observation of all aspects of the module sessions, audio and video recordings and photographs of the sessions, the incorporation of a semi-structured discussion at the end of each session, and anonymous student questionnaires.
RESULTS:
A number of key themes emerged. The complex, phased and multi-sensory nature of the ‘critical looking’ skills developed through the drawing exercises was seen as of potential value in medical education, being proposed as analogous to processes involved in clinical examination and diagnosis. The experience of interdisciplinary collaborative drawing was significant to the students as a creative, participatory and responsive form of learning. The emphasis on the physical experience of drawing and the thematic use of the human body as drawing subject led to reflective discussions about bodily knowledge and understanding. There were indications that students had a meta-cognitive awareness of the learning shifts that had occurred and the sessions provoked constructive self-reflective explorations of pre-professional identity.
CONCLUSIONS:
This preliminary study suggests, through the themes identified, that there may be potential learning outcomes for medical students in this model of interdisciplinary collaborative drawing of the human body. Further research is needed to explore their applicability and value to medical education. There is a need to explore in more depth the beliefs, motivations and learning styles of medical students opting for the module, the significance and weighting of different learning and teaching elements in the module and the impact of the learning on medical students in the immediate post-module phase.

via An exploratory study of the potential learning … [BMC Med Educ. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: Teaching nontechnical skills in surgical residency: A systematic review of current approaches and outcomes

BACKGROUND:A growing body of evidence suggests that nontechnical skills NTS of surgeons play an important role in patient safety in the operating room and can be improved through specific training interventions. The need to address communication and interpersonal skills in postgraduate medical education has been emphasized by the respective regulatory bodies for accreditation and certification. The present review had 2 purposes: To provide an overview of current approaches to training and assessment of NTS in surgery and to critically appraise the strength of the evidence supporting their effectiveness.METHODS:A systematic search of the literature Ovid MEDLINE; PsycINFO; Embase was conducted using predefined inclusion criteria. The evidence for the main outcome themes was appraised using the GRADE approach.RESULTS:Of the 2,831 identified records, 23 were selected for qualitative synthesis. Four randomized, controlled trials and 19 observational pre-post studies were reviewed. Significant effects of training were shown for the identified outcome themes patient-centered communication, teamwork, decision making, coping with stress, patient safety and error management. The overall strength of evidence supporting training effects on outcome measures was graded as “moderate” teamwork, “low” patient-centered communication, decision making, and coping with stress, and “very low” patient safety and error management, respectively.CONCLUSION:Training interventions can have positive effects on residents nontechnical knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Although the overall strength of evidence is moderate at best, recent interventions provide valuable information regarding instructional strategies and methods for training and assessment of NTS in modern surgical curricula.

via Teaching nontechnical skills in surgical residency: … [Surgery. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.

RESOURCE: How Digital Technology Transforms the World of Online Education

Online education isn’t new, but due to the advancement of digital technology and increase in mobile penetration, online education platforms have transformed into unique experiences that not only provide easy access but also highly engaging real-time interaction. Realizing the opportunity of establishing thought leadership and pushing forward, more brands are starting to partner with online education platforms to drive perception and provide utility.

In 2006, Salman Khan — a graduate of both MIT and the Harvard Business School– started Khan Academy, a non-profit educational website – with a stated mission to “provide a high quality education for anyone, anywhere”. The website supplies a free online collection of more than 4,000 lecture video tutorials that cover a wide range of disciplines including mathematics, history, medicine, finance and more.

This initiative started the wave of Massive Open Online Courses MOOCs that disrupted the 200 years of conventional model of elite higher education, characterized by limited access and availability through the use of a variety of selective admission techniques. To the contrary, a MOOC is designed to enroll tens of thousands of students, and is open to anybody with Internet connection. In addition to traditional course materials such as videos, readings, and problem sets, MOOCs provide sophisticated interactive elements including real-time quiz and discussion to make sure students understand the material.

MOOCs are catching on. Khan Academy now has 10 million worldwide users with over 228 million lessons delivered online. edX, another online course platform founded by Harvard and MIT, have already enrolled a startling number of 370,000 students since its launch in the fall semester of 2012.

via How Digital Technology Transforms the World of Online Education | codeconstruct.

RESOURCE: Updated Padagogy Wheel Tackles The Problem Of Motivation In Education

The new version tackles a major question that is lurking in the back of everyone’s mind. If it’s not … it should be. It’s about the problem of motivation in education. How do we motivate students, teachers, parents, and everyone else to get excited about learning? How do you stay motivated? What works and what doesn’t? Allan boiled down the answer(s) to these questions into a few clickable answers. The PDF version (available here) lets you click on individual words and app icons to learn more so check it out!

via Updated Padagogy Wheel Tackles The Problem Of Motivation In Education | Edudemic.

ABSTRACT: Physicians who use social media and other internet-based communication technologies

The demographic and practice-related characteristics of physicians who use social networking websites, portable devices to access the internet, email to communicate with patients, podcasts, widgets, RSS feeds, and blogging were investigated. Logistic regression was used to analyze a survey of US primary care physicians, pediatricians, obstetrician/gynecologists, and dermatologists (N=1750). Reported technology use during the last 6 months ranged from 80.6% using a portable device to access the internet to 12.9% writing a blog. The most consistent predictors of use were being male, being younger, and having teaching hospital privileges. Physician specialty, practice setting, years in practice, average number of patients treated per week, and number of physicians in practice were found to be inconsistently associated or unassociated with use of the technologies examined. Demographic characteristics, rather than practice-related characteristics, were more consistent predictors of physician use of seven internet-based communication technologies with varying levels of uptake

via Physicians who use social medi… [J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012 Nov-Dec] – PubMed – NCBI.

ABSTRACT: How we use social media to supplement a novel curriculum in medical education

BACKGROUND:
The millennial learner is reliant on technology to gain knowledge. Social media in the form of Twitter and Facebook provide a unique way to reach these learners.
AIMS:
To demonstrate a supplement to a curriculum using “push technology” via Twitter and Facebook to deliver educational content to mobile devices.
METHODS:
A curriculum consisting of high-yield ultrasound concepts was developed and posted to Twitter @EDUltrasound daily. Followers received tweets “pushed” directly to their mobile devices. Following the year-long program, followers were surveyed regarding the program’s effectiveness. To determine the ways in which tweets were reaching users, followers were categorized demographically.
RESULTS:
Daily “tweets” were posted each morning beginning on July 1, 2010. By the end of the year, there were 87 followers on Twitter and 78 on Facebook. The majority of followers (55.6%) had not previously used Twitter. The majority of followers (88.9%) found Twitter user-friendly, while most (81.5%) found the information useful.
CONCLUSIONS:
Due to ease of use and widespread applicability, Twitter and Facebook are excellent applications of “push technology” as a means to deliver educational content. This pilot project demonstrates the potential of social media to both supplement and enhance traditional educational methods.

via How we use social media to supplement a novel curr… [Med Teach. 2012] – PubMed – NCBI.