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Author: Brian S McGowan, PhD

RESOURCE: When to Bring Your Association’s Continuing Education Online

When developing continuing education, you typically look to provide high value to your members while keeping costs as low as possible.  You repurpose content in ways that get the most bang for the buck whether that is by recording webinars and making them available on demand, granting online access to conference materials, or using educational articles from your magazine as online learning resources.

But sometimes it’s worthwhile to focus significant resources on developing a very customized continuing education (CE) module.  This might end up being an app for mobile devices, an online self-study module with quizzes and games built in, or an online course with significant resources invested such as broadcasting live video.

When are the times when such an investment of resources might be warranted?

via When to Bring Your Association’s Continuing Education Online.

RESOURCE: The Growing Popularity of Asynchronous Learning: A corporate learning perspective

The meaning of the word ‘asynchronous’ is ‘not at the same time’. In the context of learning, it is used when a learner completes a learning initiative on his own time and schedule – without the intervention of an instructor. As technology advanced, the modes of delivery of Asynchronous Learning have evolved from one-to-one communication i.e. via telegraph and telephones to one to many through radio or television broadcasts to the current trend of many-to-many through networks such as Facebook and Twitter.

In corporate learning, the success of Asynchronous Learning has been tremendous. The prime reason for this is that Asynchronous Learning has been able to bring learning to a large audience across vast geographies – as per their convenience. Also corporate learners are mature and are inclined to learning more in order to succeed in their career. So they do not always need an instructor to keep them motivated. They also like to be self-directed and learn at their own pace. In addition there are some other benefits of Asynchronous Learning which have proven it to be increasingly popular for organizational trainings.

via The Growing Popularity of Asynchronous Learning: A corporate learning perspective | Learn to Suceed – Bits and Bytes of e-learning by G-Cube.

RESOURCE: Homework & the Flipped Class

What about educators who don’t assign homework?  Can, and should, they still flip their classroom?  Of course!  Many teachers are creating instructional videos (or using other videos) and having students watch them during class time.  Instead of the whole class watching the videos together, students are watching them when they need the content.  The videos multiply the teacher in that she can be in many places at the same time.  This frees her up to go around and help individual kids in areas of need.

In summary, I believe flipped learning is homework agnostic.  Flipped learning doesn’t take a position on whether or not homework is good or bad.  So if an educator believes there is value in assigning homework, then they can used flipped learning.  Conversely, if they believe that homework should never be assigned to students, they can used flipped learning as well.

via Homework & the Flipped Class by Jon Bergmann – EdTechReview™ (ETR).

RESOURCE: How MOOCs and e-learning platforms deal with assessment.

The most basic way that knowledge or skills can be assessed is through short tests or quizzes in the form of HTML forms. HTML forms are the standard way for a user to sent information to a web applications server. The server can store the data and process it in whatever way is best.As this is the most common way of dealing with user data on the web it has become the most common way for e-learning platforms to manage assessment.The most common user inputs that we see are multiple choice questions radio buttons, choose-all-that-apply checkboxes and text fields. These are associated with a submit button which sends the information to the server which will tell you whether or not your answers are correct.Online learning platforms often rely on video lectures incorporated into the course. As a result, the assessment is often based around the video content. The assessment can occur after the video but often it is useful to interrupt the student with a question that needs to be answered correctly to continue. This can be most effective.In MOOCs, we often see that there is a singe question associated with a video and then a longer assessment at the end of a series of videos. These are often more involved and require that the student do some research or some calculations before being able to complete the assessment. HTML forms are normally used to capture the user input.

via How MOOCs and e-learning platforms deal with assessment..

MANUSCRIPT: Study Measures Benefits of a ‘Flipped’ Pharmacy Course

A study comparing traditional and “flipped” versions of a pharmacy-school course at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that students much preferred the flipped course and got better grades on the final examination. The flipped course replaced in-class lectures with videos that the students watched before they came to class to take part in a series of activities—assessments, presentations, discussions, quizzes, and “microlectures.”

The study is to be published in February in Academic Medicine, the journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, but it is available online now (it can be downloaded using the “Article as PDF” tool). It reports on the 2011 and 2012 versions of a first-year course for graduate students, “Basic Pharmaceutics II.”

In 2011 the course relied on 75-minute lectures two days a week—a total of 29 hours’ worth—plus occasional quizzes. In 2012 instructors “offloaded all in-class lectures to self-paced online videos”—averaging around 35 minutes each and totaling under 15 hours—that students could pause and review as necessary. Class sessions were “devoted to student-centered learning exercises designed to assess their knowledge, promote critical thinking, and stimulate discussion.”

Following the 2012 course, only about 15 percent of the 162 students said they would have preferred a traditional lecture-style classroom experience. Others wrote comments such as “It was different, but I enjoyed coming to class more and I also feel that I will retain the information for longer. It helped make learning ‘fun’ again and not just endless hours of lectures and PowerPoints.”

via Study Measures Benefits of a ‘Flipped’ Pharmacy Course – Wired Campus – Blogs – The Chronicle of Higher Education.

RESOURCE: 10 Scientific Insights That Could Make You A Better Designer

In the design world, the term “persuasive design” tends to be met with a mix of intrigue, skepticism, and occasionally repugnance. (Doesn’t persuasion imply that we’re forcing people to do things they typically wouldn’t want to do?) And yes, it’s true that persuasive design, like many tools, can be used for good or for evil.

But the reality is, regardless of whether we label a piece of work as “persuasive design” or not, most of the things we design–from toothbrushes to tablets to road signs–are influencing people’s decisions and behaviors in some way. We may not intend it to happen, and we may not be aware of it, but it’s happening.

Think about what you ate for breakfast this morning. You might be aware of some of the obvious things that influenced your choice: maybe out of habit you selected the same thing as yesterday, or picked your meal for convenience. Maybe a recent medical concern drove you toward a healthier option. But what about less obvious factors that could’ve influenced your choice, like the size and color of the dish you ate off of, or the news story on the TV in the background?

via 10 Scientific Insights That Could Make You A Better Designer | Co.Design | business + design.

MANUSCRIPT: Validating e-learning in continuing pharmacy education: user acceptance and knowledge change

BackgroundContinuing pharmacy education is becoming mandatory in most countries in order to keep the professional license valid. Increasing number of pharmacists are now using e-learning as part of their continuing education. Consequently, the increasing popularity of this method of education calls for standardization and validation practices. The conducted research explored validation aspects of e-learning in terms of knowledge increase and user acceptanceMethodsTwo e-courses were conducted as e-based continuing pharmacy education for graduated pharmacists. Knowledge increase and user acceptance were the two outcome measured. The change of knowledge in the first e-course was measured by a pre- and post-test and results analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The acceptance of e-learning in the second e-course was investigated by a questionnaire and the results analysed using descriptive statisticsResultsResults showed that knowledge increased significantly p < 0.001 by 16 pp after participation in the first e-course. Among the participants who responded to the survey in the second course, 92% stated that e-courses were effective and 91% stated that they enjoyed the courseConclusionsThe study shows that e-learning is a viable medium of conducting continuing pharmacy education; e-learning is effective in increasing knowledge and highly accepted by pharmacists from various working environments such as community and hospital pharmacies, faculties of pharmacy or wholesales.

via BMC Medical Education | Abstract | Validating e-learning in continuing pharmacy education: user acceptance and knowledge change.

“How Great is The Impact of ArcheMedX-Powered Education?”

Answer: ArcheMedX-powered education has consistently and repeatedly allowed our Educational Partners (AcademicCME, Elsevier, ACEhp and others) to achieve the learning outcomes that they planned to achieve – and, in the process, they are learning far more about their content and learners.

Level 1 = Participation:

ArcheMedX-powered education and the Learning Actions Model drive learners to participate at significantly higher rates and to complete lessons powered by ArcheMedX at three times the national average for online learning.

Learner Completion Rate Samples_Med

We also track much more than traditional lesson starts and completions, and the new types of data captured through the ArcheViewer allow partners to explore deeper layers of learner participation as measured by the notes taken, reminders set, questions asked, and resources viewed, downloaded, or shared. Partners can then rapidly apply these insights to drive increased  ‘real’ participation in both primary and secondary educational content.

  • Within 6 weeks of launching one recent initiative, learners had taken and set hundreds of notes and reminders and reviewed and downloaded nearly 500 key resources (i.e., journal articles, clinical studies, patient education tools) that Faculty and Planners had collated and connected to the primary learning experience.

 Learning Actions Case Study 1

Level 2 = Satisfaction:

By engaging learners in new models of learning, ArcheMedX-powered education shifts the expectation from a passive to active mindset. No longer are learners left to passively absorb online content – even content traditionally viewed as being didactic. Instead learners are supported by Faculty-engineered learning moments (Educator Notes, Cue Points, and In-Lesson Polling) and the learner-centric tools provided through the architecture simplify the act of learning and produce overwhelmingly positive learner sentiment.

  • Nearly 100% of participants in one recent large initiative found the new educational model to be “Effective” or “Extremely Effective” despite it being their first time participating in ‘active’ online learning. And, nearly 100% of participants believed that ArcheMedX-powered education would be a more efficient way for their colleagues to learn!
  • And it is not just learners who express their satisfaction, as one Educational Partner said, “Having seen what ArcheMedX-powered education can do, I will never go back to producing online education any other way!

Please Rate Following Elements of Initiative

Level 3 = Learning:

By “structuring” the learning experience using the ArcheViewer, Faculty and Planners have far greater and more dynamic control over learning, learning moments, and retention. This allows for lesson plans to have robust and sustained effects and allows for activities themselves to be refined to ensure they have the desired impact over time.

  • When compared to a control group of demographically matched learners, participants of ArcheMedX-powered lessons answered a range of questions across a variety of key learning objectives with 3-fold, 4-fold and even 7-fold greater accuracy.
  • In another initiative designed to better assess learning change over time, learning was meaningful and significant (p = 5.39 x 10-12) in paired analysis inclusive of both declarative and procedural domains. Additional studies are ongoing to explore just how sustained these learning changes are and what educational design variables positively impact these changes.

Average Grade at Assessment with Pvalues

Level 4 = Competence:

The In-Lesson Polling functionality of ArcheMedX-powered education, along with the integration of sophisticated case-based content types, allows Faculty and Planners to assess changes in competence (and learning…and even performance) in near real-time.

  • After participating in a series of ArcheMedX-powered CE activities nearly 50% of learners reported that they were now more comfortable applying the content matter in practice, or were expressly ready to make a change in practice.

 Change in Competence

Level 5: Performance:

In an evaluation of learner behavior (performance) timed for several weeks after learners participated in a series of ArcheMedX-powered CE activities, learners were nearly twice as likely to report having applied changes in practice!

 How Often Have You Applied Changes

Level 6 and 7: Patient- and Population-level Health Outcomes:

While changes seen in learner participation (and how it’s defined), satisfaction, learning, competence, and performance are consistently meaningful and significant for our Partners, these are just the beginning. We are now working with Partners through the US to leverage our learning models and e-learning solutions to drive AND measure changes in patient and population health outcomes.

Over the coming months we will be exploring the impact of ArcheMedX-powered education on a variety of chronic disease conditions that are largely under-managed and overlooked in the primary care setting – and therefore lead to significant and unnecessary burden on our nation’s emergency room system. These studies are intended to fundamentally transform how we describe and explore the value of CE and the CE profession in healthcare improvement.

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6-pager figure screen shot

In short (and to answer the question I get asked all the time), ArcheMedX-powered education has consistently and repeatedly allowed our Educational Partners to achieve, and even exceed, the learning outcomes that they planned to achieve – and, in the process, they are learning far more about their content and learners.

Having found such great success supporting our existing Partners our goal is to share these lessons with the broader medical education community and to begin to leverage these models and solutions to accelerate change in training and lifelong learning in the health professions – to do so we have designed a downloadable report that you may want to explore with your internal teams or colleagues. In the end, we believe that this 5-page overview might support your educational planning or grant proposals.

If we can answer any additional questions about these data, please do not hesitate to ask!

Best wishes,

Brian

ABSTRACT: Identification of knowledge gaps in neurosurgery using a validated self-assessment examination

OBJECTIVE:
The practice of neurosurgery requires fundamental knowledge base. Residency training programs and continuing medical education courses are designed to teach relevant neurosurgical principles. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps exist for neurosurgeons and may be different between cohorts of neurosurgeons. The Self-Assessment in Neurological Surgery (SANS) General Examination and Spine Examination are online educational tools for lifelong learning and maintenance of certification. This study examines the gaps in knowledge of spinal neurosurgeons and general neurosurgeons taking SANS.
METHODS:
From 2008 to 2010, a total of 165 spinal neurosurgeons completed the 243 available questions of the SANS Spine Examination. Over that same time frame, 993 general neurosurgeons completed the SANS General Spine Examination. Mean scores were calculated and assessed according to 18 major neurosurgical knowledge disciplines. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate for significant knowledge gaps among all users and significant differences in performance between spinal neurosurgeons and their general neurosurgeon counterparts.
RESULTS:
The mean overall examination score was 87.4% ± 7.5% for spinal neurosurgeons and 71.5% ± 8.9% for general neurosurgeons (P < 0.001). Of the 18 major knowledge categories in SANS, spinal neurosurgeons (n = 165) answered questions incorrectly 15% or greater of the time in five of the categories. The categories of lower performance for spinal neurosurgeons were cerebrovascular, anesthesia and critical care, general clinical, tumor, and trauma. For general neurosurgeons (n = 993), the five knowledge categories with lowest performance were cerebrovascular, epilepsy, peripheral nerve, trauma, and radiosurgery. Although spinal neurosurgeons and general neurosurgeons shared some areas of decreased performance including trauma and cerebrovascular, spine neurosurgeons relatively underperformed in general clinical, anesthesia and critical care, and tumor.
CONCLUSIONS:
The SANS Spine Examination demonstrated knowledge gaps in specific categories for spinal surgeons. The knowledge areas of diminished performance differed between spinal and general neurosurgeons. Identification of specific areas of deficiency could prove useful in the design and implementation of educational programs and maintenance of certification.

via Identification of knowledge gaps in neurosur… [World Neurosurg. 2013] – PubMed – NCBI.